Vitamin D, magnesium, and selected laboratory parameters in Uruguayan men
Keywords:
DENSITOMETRY, PARATHYROID HORMONE, VITAMIN D, TESTOSTERONE, BONE DENSITY, MAGNESIUM, MEN
Abstract
Background: serum vitamin D (VD) levels have been mainly studied in women, but they are relevant also among men, not only regarding bone health status. A previous small-size study performed two decades ago in Uruguayan women and men revealed serious deficiencies of VD. On the other hand, magnesium has important effects not only related to vitamin D levels but directly and indirectly affect bone.
Purpose: to analyze possible interrelationships among values of serum VD, magnesium, testosterone, bone densitometry and other parameters in young Uruguayan male population.
Methods: during July-August 2015, one hundred Uruguayan men affiliated to the prepaid healthcare system, invited to participate by our Unit of Bone Metabolism, were studied with anthropometry, laboratory and, densitometry techniques. Collected data were statistically analyzed.
Results: the studied men showed low serum VD levels (96% insufficient-deficient), which did not show significant correlations with any of the studied parameters. Serum magnesium was significantly and inversely correlated with densitometric z-scores, even stronger among men with overweight and with VD≥15 ng/ml.
Conclusions: despite the sample size, results confirm the presence of low serum VD levels in apparently healthy men. Findings give reasons to think about possible recommendations to improve the preventive scope regarding osteoporosis and colorectal cancer.
References
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2) Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Albanes D. Vitamin D and cancer risk and mortality: state of the science, gaps, and challenges. Epidemiol Rev 2017; 39:28-48.
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6) Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Wetterslev J, Simonetti RG, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (1):CD007470.
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10) Silva L, Araújo E, Olascoaga A, Alallón W. Vitamina D en una población adulta mutual y comportamiento de la hormona paratiroidea. Rev Urug Patol Clin 2010; 53:46.
11) Bagattini JC, Barrios E, Barañano R, Moratorio G, Montes JM, Laporte SG, et al. Estado de la vitamina D en adultos uruguayos aparentemente saludables, en invierno y en Montevideo. Rev Méd Urug 2017; 33(2):104-38.
12) Blomberg Jensen M. Vitamin D and male reproduction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10(3):175-86.
13) Ramlau-Hansen CH, Moeller UK, Bonde JP, Olsen J, Thulstrup AM. Are serum levels of vitamin D associated with semen quality? Results from a cross-sectional study in young healthy men. Fertil Steril 2011; 95(3):1000-4.
14) Chen C, Zhai H, Cheng J, Weng P, Chen Y, Li Q, et al. Causal link between vitamin D and total testosterone in men: a mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104(8):3148-56.
15) Lerchbaum E, Pilz S, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Pachernegg O, Heijboer AC, et al. Vitamin D and testosterone in healthy men: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102(11):4292-302.
16) Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W, Maier JAM. Magnesium and osteoporosis: current state of knowledge and future research directions. Nutrients 2013; 5:3022-33.
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22) Wehr E, Pilz S, Boehm BO, Marz W, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Association of vitamin D status with serum androgen levels in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73(2):243-8.
23) Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43(3):223-5.
24) Jorde R, Grimnes G, Hutchinson MS, Kjærgaard M, Kamycheva E, Svartberg J. Supplementation with vitamin D does not increase serum testosterone levels in healthy males. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45(9):675-81.
25) Heijboer AC, Oosterwerff M, Schroten NF, Eekhoff EM, Chel VG, de Boer RA, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and testosterone concentrations in male human subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83(1):105-10.
26) Krzywanski J, Pokrywka A, Mlynczak M, Mikulski T. Is vitamin D status reflected by testosterone concentration in elite athletes? Biol Sport 2020; 37(3):229.
27) Gangloff A, Bergeron J, Lemieux I, Després JP. Changes in circulating vitamin D levels with loss of adipose tissue. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19(6):464-70.
28) Gou GH, Tseng FJ, Wang SH, Chen PJ, Shyu JF, Pan RY. Nutritional factors associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in children and adolescents. BMC Musc Dis 2019; 20(1):520.
29) Welch AA, Skinner J, Hickson M. Dietary magnesium may be protective for aging of bone and skeletal muscle in middle and younger older age men and women: cross-sectional findings from the UK biobank cohort. Nutrients 2017; 9(11):1189.
30) LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Murata EM, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Mora S, et al. Effects of supplemental vitamin D on bone health outcomes in women and men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 Trial (VITAL). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35(5):883-93.
31) Raposo L, Martins S, Ferreira D, Guimarães JT, Santos AC. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and metabolic syndrome - the PORMETS study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17(1):71.
32) Wesselink E, Kok DE, Bours MJL, de Wilt JHW, van Baar H, van Zutphen M, et al. Vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, and their interaction in relation to colorectal cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111(5):1007-17.
33) Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE, Song Y, Li X, Franke AA, et al. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108(6):1249-58.
34) Zhang J, Tang L, Qi H, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Dual function of magnesium in bone biomineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8(21):e1901030.
35) Nieves JW. Skeletal effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals, beyond calcium and vitamin D. Osteoporosis Int 2013; 24:771-86.
36) Sukumar D, Becker KB, Cheung M, Duszak R, Aljahdali A, Volpe SL, et al. Can bone-regulating hormones and nutrients help characterize the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. Nutr Health 2018; 24(3):153-62.
37) Grant WB. Ecological Studies of the UVB–vitamin D–cancer hypothesis. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:223-36.
38) Dou R, Ng K, Giovannucci EL, Manson JE, Qian ZR, Ogino S. Vitamin D and colorectal cancer: molecular, epidemiological and clinical evidence. Br J Nutr 2016; 115(9):1643-60.
39) Zhu K, Knuiman M, Divitini M, Hung J, Lim EM, Cooke BR, et al. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with colorectal and breast cancer, but not overall cancer risk: a 20-year cohort study. Nutr Res 2019; 67:100-7.
40) Polter EJ, Onyeaghala G, Lutsey PL, Folsom AR, Joshu CE, Platz EA, et al. Prospective association of serum and dietary magnesium with colorectal cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28(8):1292-9.
41) Barrios E, Garau M, Alonso R, Musetti C. V Atlas de Incidencia del Cáncer en el Uruguay. Periodo 2012-2016. Montevideo: Comisión Honoraria de Lucha Contra el Cáncer, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.comisioncancer.org.uy/Ocultas/ V-Atlas-de-Incidencia-del-Cancer-en-el-Uruguay-Periodo-2012-2016-uc250. [Consulta: 29 octubre 2020].
42) Bray F, Ferlay F, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer Clin 2018; 68:394-424.
43) Lundström P, Caidahl K, Eriksson MJ, Fritz T, Krook A, Zierath JR, et al. Changes in vitamin D status in overweight middle-aged adults with or without impaired glucose metabolism in two consecutive Nordic summers. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:1840374.
44) Pludowski P, Holick MF, Grant WB, Konstantynowicz J, Mascarenhas MR, Haq A, et al. Vitamin D supplementation guidelines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:125-35.
2) Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Albanes D. Vitamin D and cancer risk and mortality: state of the science, gaps, and challenges. Epidemiol Rev 2017; 39:28-48.
3) Sassi F, Tamone C, D’Amelio P. Vitamin D: nutrient, hormone, and immunomodulator. Nutrients 2018; 10(11):1656.
4) Mendoza B, Ronco AL. Estacionalidad de la vitamina D plasmática: su importancia en la clínica y la salud. Rev Méd Urug 2016; 32(2):80-6.
5) Avenell A, Mak JC, O’Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 4:CD000227.
6) Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Wetterslev J, Simonetti RG, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (1):CD007470.
7) Mendoza B, Ronco A. Importancia de los niveles séricos de vitamina D3. Tend Med 2001; (18):97-101.
8) Mendoza B, Ronco AL, Hernández J, Uboldi C, Ramagli A, Gómez E. Factores de riesgo para osteoporosis en Uruguay: resultados preliminares de un estudio caso-control. En: II Congreso Internacional de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral. Rio de Janeiro, oct. 25-27, 2001.
9) Mendoza B, Ronco AL, Mintegui G, Belzarena MC. Análisis de la población asistida en la primera unidad especializada en Osteoporosis (UNIOM) del Uruguay. VII Congreso de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Osteología y Metabolismo Mineral. Santiago de Chile, Chile, 29 ago-1º sept., 2007.
10) Silva L, Araújo E, Olascoaga A, Alallón W. Vitamina D en una población adulta mutual y comportamiento de la hormona paratiroidea. Rev Urug Patol Clin 2010; 53:46.
11) Bagattini JC, Barrios E, Barañano R, Moratorio G, Montes JM, Laporte SG, et al. Estado de la vitamina D en adultos uruguayos aparentemente saludables, en invierno y en Montevideo. Rev Méd Urug 2017; 33(2):104-38.
12) Blomberg Jensen M. Vitamin D and male reproduction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10(3):175-86.
13) Ramlau-Hansen CH, Moeller UK, Bonde JP, Olsen J, Thulstrup AM. Are serum levels of vitamin D associated with semen quality? Results from a cross-sectional study in young healthy men. Fertil Steril 2011; 95(3):1000-4.
14) Chen C, Zhai H, Cheng J, Weng P, Chen Y, Li Q, et al. Causal link between vitamin D and total testosterone in men: a mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104(8):3148-56.
15) Lerchbaum E, Pilz S, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Pachernegg O, Heijboer AC, et al. Vitamin D and testosterone in healthy men: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102(11):4292-302.
16) Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W, Maier JAM. Magnesium and osteoporosis: current state of knowledge and future research directions. Nutrients 2013; 5:3022-33.
17) Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanly DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96(7):1911-30.
18) Maeda SS, Saraiva GL, Kunii IS, Hayashi LF, Cendoroglo MS, Ramos LR, et al. Factors affecting vitamin D status in different populations in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: the Sao Paulo vitamin D Evaluation Study (SPADES). BMC Endocr Dis 2013; 13:14.
19) Maeda SS, Kunii IS, Hayashi L, Lazaretti-Castro M. The effect of sun exposure on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young healthy subjects living in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:1653-9.
20) Maeda SS, Kunii IS, Hayashi L, Lazaretti-Castro M. Increases in summer serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in elderly subjects in Sao Paulo, Brazil vary with age, gender and ethnicity. BMC Endocr Dis 2010; 10:12.
21) Lee DM, Tajar A, Pye SR, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Bouillon R, et al. Association of hypogonadism with vitamin D status: the European Male Ageing Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166(1):77-85.
22) Wehr E, Pilz S, Boehm BO, Marz W, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Association of vitamin D status with serum androgen levels in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73(2):243-8.
23) Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43(3):223-5.
24) Jorde R, Grimnes G, Hutchinson MS, Kjærgaard M, Kamycheva E, Svartberg J. Supplementation with vitamin D does not increase serum testosterone levels in healthy males. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45(9):675-81.
25) Heijboer AC, Oosterwerff M, Schroten NF, Eekhoff EM, Chel VG, de Boer RA, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and testosterone concentrations in male human subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83(1):105-10.
26) Krzywanski J, Pokrywka A, Mlynczak M, Mikulski T. Is vitamin D status reflected by testosterone concentration in elite athletes? Biol Sport 2020; 37(3):229.
27) Gangloff A, Bergeron J, Lemieux I, Després JP. Changes in circulating vitamin D levels with loss of adipose tissue. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19(6):464-70.
28) Gou GH, Tseng FJ, Wang SH, Chen PJ, Shyu JF, Pan RY. Nutritional factors associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in children and adolescents. BMC Musc Dis 2019; 20(1):520.
29) Welch AA, Skinner J, Hickson M. Dietary magnesium may be protective for aging of bone and skeletal muscle in middle and younger older age men and women: cross-sectional findings from the UK biobank cohort. Nutrients 2017; 9(11):1189.
30) LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Murata EM, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Mora S, et al. Effects of supplemental vitamin D on bone health outcomes in women and men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 Trial (VITAL). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35(5):883-93.
31) Raposo L, Martins S, Ferreira D, Guimarães JT, Santos AC. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and metabolic syndrome - the PORMETS study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17(1):71.
32) Wesselink E, Kok DE, Bours MJL, de Wilt JHW, van Baar H, van Zutphen M, et al. Vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, and their interaction in relation to colorectal cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111(5):1007-17.
33) Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE, Song Y, Li X, Franke AA, et al. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108(6):1249-58.
34) Zhang J, Tang L, Qi H, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Dual function of magnesium in bone biomineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8(21):e1901030.
35) Nieves JW. Skeletal effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals, beyond calcium and vitamin D. Osteoporosis Int 2013; 24:771-86.
36) Sukumar D, Becker KB, Cheung M, Duszak R, Aljahdali A, Volpe SL, et al. Can bone-regulating hormones and nutrients help characterize the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. Nutr Health 2018; 24(3):153-62.
37) Grant WB. Ecological Studies of the UVB–vitamin D–cancer hypothesis. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:223-36.
38) Dou R, Ng K, Giovannucci EL, Manson JE, Qian ZR, Ogino S. Vitamin D and colorectal cancer: molecular, epidemiological and clinical evidence. Br J Nutr 2016; 115(9):1643-60.
39) Zhu K, Knuiman M, Divitini M, Hung J, Lim EM, Cooke BR, et al. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with colorectal and breast cancer, but not overall cancer risk: a 20-year cohort study. Nutr Res 2019; 67:100-7.
40) Polter EJ, Onyeaghala G, Lutsey PL, Folsom AR, Joshu CE, Platz EA, et al. Prospective association of serum and dietary magnesium with colorectal cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28(8):1292-9.
41) Barrios E, Garau M, Alonso R, Musetti C. V Atlas de Incidencia del Cáncer en el Uruguay. Periodo 2012-2016. Montevideo: Comisión Honoraria de Lucha Contra el Cáncer, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.comisioncancer.org.uy/Ocultas/ V-Atlas-de-Incidencia-del-Cancer-en-el-Uruguay-Periodo-2012-2016-uc250. [Consulta: 29 octubre 2020].
42) Bray F, Ferlay F, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer Clin 2018; 68:394-424.
43) Lundström P, Caidahl K, Eriksson MJ, Fritz T, Krook A, Zierath JR, et al. Changes in vitamin D status in overweight middle-aged adults with or without impaired glucose metabolism in two consecutive Nordic summers. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:1840374.
44) Pludowski P, Holick MF, Grant WB, Konstantynowicz J, Mascarenhas MR, Haq A, et al. Vitamin D supplementation guidelines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:125-35.
Published
2021-12-08
How to Cite
1.
Mendoza B, Cabrera J, Mintegui G, Ronco Álvaro, Wiluzanski D. Vitamin D, magnesium, and selected laboratory parameters in Uruguayan men. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 2021Dec.8 [cited 2024Dec.18];37(4):e37404. Available from: https://www2.rmu.org.uy/ojsrmu311/index.php/rmu/article/view/829
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