Tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino con test de HVP
Primeros resultados en el sistema público de Uruguay
Resumen
Introduccción: en Uruguay, el cáncer de cuello uterino ocupó el tercer lugar con una incidencia promedio de 312 nuevos casos por año; fallecieron 134 mujeres promedio por año en el período 2010 - 2014.
Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los primeros resultados de una experiencia piloto con la aplicación del test de HPV captura híbrida HC2 (QiagenR ) como test de tamizaje primario del cáncer de cuello uterino en una zona del departamento de Canelones.
Método: se estudiaron 1.010 mujeres asintomáticas entre 30 y 64 años que concurrieron a realizarse el test de PAP a dos unidades de toma de muestras del Programa de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se realizó la extracción conjunta de la muestra para PAP, que fue derivada a uno de los laboratorios de citología de la Red de Atención Primaria de Salud y la muestra de HPV que fue procesada con la técnica de captura híbrida en el laboratorio de biología molecular del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Las usuarias con resultados HPV + y PAP anormales (ASC-US+) fueron derivadas a colposcopia, con biopsia y posterior tratamiento cuando correspondió.
Resultados: el test de HPV fue positivo en 126/1.010 mujeres (12,5%) y el PAP anormal en 167/1.010 (16,5%). El test de HPV fue positivo en todos los casos CIN2+ 13/13 (100%) mientras que el PAP fue anormal (ASCUS+) en 7/13 (54%) para CIN2+ por biopsia.
Conclusión: el test de HPV resultó más eficaz y eficiente que el PAP para la detección de lesiones precancerosas de cuello uterino.
Citas
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