Trastornos respiratorios del sueño
Guías clínicas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento
Palabras clave:
TRASTORNOS RESPIRATORIOS, TRASTORNOS DEL SUEÑO-VIGILIA
Resumen
La medicina ha descubierto la importancia del sueño y las consecuencias de sus trastornos que pueden derivar en serias afecciones médicas y psiquiátricas que afectan a todas las personas que los padecen. El desarrollo de la medicina del sueño ha sido explosivo en los últimos años, si tenemos en cuenta que hace solo 60 años que se descubrió la fase del sueño REM (rapid eye movement) y 25 que se comenzó a tratar con CPAP (continuouos positive airway pressure) a las apneas obstructivas del sueño. Actualmente se pueden describir aproximadamente 90 tipos de trastornos del sueño, requiriendo cada uno medidas específicas. Este es un problema de salud que afecta a millones de personas. Siempre que el diagnóstico sea oportuno y adecuado, son posibles excelentes medidas terapéuticas.
Hay un alto porcentaje de pacientes portadores de estos trastornos del sueño que no han sido diagnosticados y esto representa un enorme costo para el sistema de salud, que debe hacerse cargo de las complicaciones derivadas de la falta de tratamiento (eventos cardiovasculares, accidentes de tránsito, ausentismo laboral).
Como queda de manifiesto en estas Guías Clínicas, los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) convocan a varias disciplinas médicas que deben integrar el equipo de diagnóstico y tratamiento (neurólogo, endocrinólogo, cardiólogo), ya que son muy diversos los abordajes y los perjuicios que se producen en el paciente individual.
En los últimos años se ha popularizado la difusión de guías de diagnóstico y tratamiento para la mayoría de las enfermedades. Las Guías Clínicas son recomendaciones dirigidas en general al médico no especialista y a pacientes, para la correcta toma de decisiones sobre las buenas prácticas clínicas en las diversas circunstancias que cada enfermedad puede presentar. Los clínicos, las autoridades sanitarias y los prestadores de salud consideran a las guías como instrumentos para hacer el diagnóstico y los tratamientos más eficaces, y para cerrar la brecha entre lo que hacen los clínicos y lo que la evidencia clínica avala.
Estas primeras Guías Clínicas uruguayas sobre los Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño seguramente cumplirán con estos objetivos y como resultado tendrán el beneficio de reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestra población mejorando su calidad de vida relacionada a la salud.
Prof. Dr. Luis Piñeyro Director del Instituto del Tórax
Citas
Referencias ordenadas por capítulos
Unidades de Sueño
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Cost justification for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Position statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 2000; 23(8):1017-8.
American Thoracic Society. Curriculum and competency assessment tools for sleep disorders in pulmonary fellowship training programs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172(3):391-7.
ATS/ACCP/AASM Taskforce Steering Committee. Executive summary on the systematic review and practice parameters for portable monitoring in the investigation of suspected sleep apnea in adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 169(10):1160-3.
Collop NA, Anderson WM, Boehlecke B, Claman D, Goldberg R, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of unattended portable monitors in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients. Portable Monitoring Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 2007; 3(7):737-47.
Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5(3):263-76.
Khawaja IS, Olson EJ, van der Walt C, Bukartyk J, Somers V, Dierkhising R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of split-night polysomnograms. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(4):357-62.
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morgenthaler T, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, et al. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep 2005; 28(4):499-521.
Vignolo J, Vacarezza M, Álvarez C, Sosa A. Niveles de atención, de prevención y atención primaria de la salud. Arch Med Int 2011; 33(1):11-4.
Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas del sueño
He J, Kryger MH, Zorick FJ, Conway W, Roth T. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea: experience in 385 male patients. Chest 1988; 94(1):9-14.
Partinen M, Jamieson A, Guilleminault C. Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: mortality. Chest 1988; 94(6):1200-4.
Arcos JP, Giordano A, De Boni D, Lorenzo D, Márquez MN, Rodríguez A, et al. Síndrome de apnea del aueño obstructiva: primer registro de tratamiento con presión positiva contínua (CPAPn) en nuestro país. Rev Med Urug 1992; 8(2): 146-51.
Arcos JP, Muiño A. Síndrome de apneas del sueño de tipo obstructivo: hallazgos clínicos y fisiológicos. Rev Med Urug 1999; 15(3):214-20.
Arcos JP. Fisiopatología de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior durante el sueño. En: David P, Blanco M, Pedemonte M, Velluti R, Tufik S, eds. Medicina del Sueño. Santiago: Mediterráneo, 2007. p. 173-9.
Baldwin CM, Ervin AM, Mays MZ, Robbins J, Shafazand S, Walsleben J, et al. Sleep disturbances, quality of life, and ethnicity: the Sleep Heart Health Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(2):176-83.
World Health Organization. Global surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases: a comprehensive approach. Geneva: WHO, 2007. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/gard/publications/GARD%20Book%202007.pdf. [Consulta: dic. 2012]
den Herder C, Schmeck J, Appelboom DJ, de Vries N. Risks of general anaesthesia in people with obstructive sleep apnoea. BMJ 2004; 329(7472):955-9.
Durán J, Esnaola S, Rubio R, Iztueta A. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 year. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(3 Pt 1):685-9.
Ip MS, Lam B, Tang LC, Lauder IJ, Ip TY, Lam WK. A community study of sleep-disordered breathing in middle-aged Chinese women in Hong Kong: prevalence and gender differences. Chest 2004; 125(1):127-34.
Larsson LG, Lindberg A, Franklin KA, Lundbäck B. Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic. Chest 2003; 124(1):204-11.
Lloberes P, Durán-Cantolla J, Martínez-García MA, Marín JM, Ferrer A, Corral J, et al. Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño: normativa SEPAR. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47(3):143-56.
Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL, Gottlieb DJ, Newman AB, O'Connor GT, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6(8):e1000132. Disponible en: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000132. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
Bouscoulet LT, Vázquez-García JC, Muiño A, Márquez M, López MV, de Oca MM, et al. PLATINO Group. Prevalence of sleep related symptoms in four Latin American cities. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(6):579-85.
Tufik S, Santos-Silva R, Taddei JA, Bittencourt LR. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study. Sleep Med 2010; 11(5):441-6.
Young T, Finn L, Austin D, Peterson A. Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167(9):1181-5.
Young T, Finn L, Peppard PE, Szklo-Coxe M, Austin D, Nieto FJ, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep 2008; 31(8):1071-8.
Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(17):1230-5.
Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA 2004; 291(16):2013-6.
SAHOS y accidentalidad vial
Hartenbaum N, Collop N, Rosen IM, Phillips B, George CF, Rowley JA, et al. American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; National Sleep Foundation. Sleep apnea and commercial motor vehicle operators: Statement from the joint task force of the American College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and the National Sleep Foundation. Chest 2006; 130(3):902-5.
Horstmann S, Hess CW, Bassetti C, Gugger M, Mathis J. Sleepiness-related accidents in sleep apnea patients. Sleep 2000; 23(3):383-9.
Ellen RL, Marshall SC, Palayew M, Molnar FJ, Wilson KG, Man-Son-Hing M. Systematic review of motor vehicle crash risk in persons with sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2006; 2(2):193-200.
Barbé, Pericás J, Muñoz A, Findley L, Antó JM, Agustí AG. Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. An epidemiological and mechanistic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158(1):18-22.
Findley LJ, Unverzagt ME, Suratt PM. Automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138(2):337-40.
Pérez-Chada D, Videla AJ, O'Flaherty ME, Palermo P, Meoni J, Sarchi MI, et al. Sleep habits and accident risk among truck drivers: a cross-sectional study in Argentina. Sleep 2005; 28(9):1103-8.
Uruguay. Unidad Nacional de Seguridad Vial. Departamento de Ingeniería de Tránsito. Siniestralidad Vial en Uruguay: informe 2010. Montevideo: UNASEV, 2011. Disponible en: http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/unasev/news/2011/siniestrabilidad2010.pdf. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
SAHOS y enfermedad cardiovascular
Arzt M, Young T, Finn L, Skatrud JB, Bradley TD. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172(11):1447-51.
Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373(9657):82-93.
Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 2008; 117(25): e510-26.
Capampangan DJ, Wellik KE, Parish JM, Aguilar MI, Snyder CR, Wingerchuk D, et al. Is obstructive sleep apnea an independent risk factor for stroke? A critically appraised topic.
Estes NA 3rd, Sacco RL, Al-Khatib SM, Ellinor PT, Bezanson J, Alonso A, et al. American Heart Association atrial fibrillation research summit: a conference report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 124(3):363-72.
Gami AS, Howard DE, Olson EJ, Somers VK. Day-night pattern of sudden death in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(12):1206-14.
Johnson KG, Johnson DC. Frequency of sleep apnea in stroke and TIA patients: a meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(2):131-7.
Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365(9464):1046-53.
Martínez-García MA, Campos-Rodríguez F, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Catalán-Serra P, Román-Sánchez P, Montserrat JM. Increased incidence of nonfatal cardiovascular events in stroke patients with sleep apnoea: effect of CPAP treatment. Eur Respir J 2012; 39(4):906-12.
Martínez-García MA, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Ejarque-Martínez L, Soriano Y, Román-Sánchez P, Illa FB, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180(1):36-41.
United States. National Institute of Health. Department of Health an dHUman Services, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Bethesda, MD: NHLBI, 2004. Disponible en: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.pdf. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, Shahar E, Samet JM, Redline S, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283(14):1829-36.
O'Connor GT, Caffo B, Newman AB, Quan SF, Rapoport DM, Redline S, et al. Prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179(12):1159-64.
Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006; 28(3):596-602.
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342(19):1378-84.
Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ, Shahar E, O'Connor GT, Resnick HE, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182(2):269-77.
Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Javier Nieto F, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(1):19-25.
Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, Abraham WT, Costa F, Culebras A, et al. American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Stroke Council; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/american College Of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing. In collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Circulation 2008; 118(10):1080-111.
Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, Lichtman JH, Brass LM, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(19):2034-41.
Tratamiento del SAHOS
Littner M, Kushida CA, Hartse K, Anderson WM, Davila D, Johnson SF, et al. Practice parameters for the use of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty: an update for 2000. Sleep 2001; 24(5):603-19.
Aurora RN, Casey KR, Kristo D, Auerbach S, Bista SR, Chowdhuri S, et al. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Sleep 2010; 33(10):1408-13.
Barbé F, Durán-Cantolla J, Capote F, de la Peña M, Chiner E, Masa JF, et al. Spanish Sleep and Breathing Group. Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181(7):718-26.
Berry RB, Chediak A, Brown LK, Finder J, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. NPPV Titration Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(5):491-509.
Buño AG, Arcos JP, Lorenzo A, Giordano A, De Boni D. Tratamiento del síndrome de apneas del sueño obstructivas con dispositivo ortósico dental. An Fac Odontol (Montev) 1997; 28:27-41.
Caples SM, Rowley JA, Prinsell JR, Pallanch JF, Elamin MB, Katz SG, et al. Surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 2010; 33(10):1396-407.
Chai CL, Pathinathan A, Smith B. Continuous positive airway pressure delivery interfaces for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (4):CD005308.
Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5(3):263-76.
Ferguson KA, Cartwright R, Rogers R, Schmidt-Nowara W. Oral appliances for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep 2006; 29(2):244-62.
Giles Tammie L, Lasserson Toby J, Smith Brian, White John, Wright John J, Cates Christopher J. Continuous positive airways pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 11, Art. No. CD001106.
Greenburg DL, Lettieri CJ, Eliasson AH. Effects of surgical weight loss on measures of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2009; 122(6):535-42.
Koutsourelakis I, Vagiakis E, Perraki E, Karatza M, Magkou C, Kopaka M, et al. Nasal inflammation in sleep apnoea patients using CPAP and effect of heated humidification. Eur Respir J 2011; 37(3):587-94.
Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, Brown LK, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. Positive Airway Pressure Titration Task Force. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(2):157-71.
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Hirshkowitz M, Morgenthaler TI, Alessi CA, Bailey D, et al. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the use of continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure devices to treat adult patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep 2006; 29(3):375-80.
Kushida CA, Morgenthaler TI, Littner MR, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, et al. American Academy of Sleep. Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with oral appliances: an update for 2005. Sleep 2006; 29(2):240-3.
Marrone O, Salvaggio A, Romano S, Insalaco G. Automatic titration and calculation by predictive equations for the determination of therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2008; 133(3):670-6.
Morgenthaler TI, Aurora RN, Brown T, Zak R, Alessi C, Boehlecke B, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the AASM; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the use of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure devices for titrating pressures and treating adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an update for 2007. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Sleep 2008; 31(1):141-7.
Morgenthaler TI, Kapen S, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, Boehlecke B, Brown T, et al. Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the medical therapy of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2006; 29(8):1031-5.
Musetti A, Arcos JP. Tratamiento actual del síndrome de apneas- hipopneas del sueño de tipo obstructivo. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 2005; 27(Supl. 1): S36-40.
Nussbaumer Y, Bloch KE, Genser T, Thurnheer R. Equivalence of autoadjusted and constant continuous positive airway pressure in home treatment of sleep apnea. Chest 2006; 129(3):638-43.
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J. Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 2000; 284(23):3015-21.
Randerath WJ, Verbraecken J, Andreas S, Bettega G, Boudewyns A, Hamans E, et al. European Respiratory Society task force on non-CPAP therapies in sleep apnoea. Non-CPAP therapies in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2011; 37(5):1000-28.
Senn O, Brack T, Matthews F, Russi EW, Bloch KE. Randomized short-term trial of two autoCPAP devices versus fixed continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168(12):1506-11.
Tuomilehto HP, Seppä JM, Partinen MM, Peltonen M, Gylling H, Tuomilehto JO, et al. Kuopio Sleep Apnea Group. Lifestyle intervention with weight reduction: first-line treatment in mild obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179(4):320-7.
Síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad
Banerjee D, Yee BJ, Piper AJ, Zwillich CW, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: hypoxemia during continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 2007; 131(6):1678-84.
Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, Jensen MD, Pories W, Fahrbach K, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2004; 292(14):1724-37.
Crummy F, Piper AJ, Naughton MT. Obesity and the lung: 2. Obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. Thorax 2008; 63(8):738-46.
de Lucas-Ramos P, de Miguel-Díez J, Santacruz-Siminiani A, González-Moro JM, Buendía-García MJ, Izquierdo-Alonso JL. Benefits at 1 year of nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med 2004; 98(10):961-7.
Dixon JB, Schachter LM, O'Brien PE. Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: indicators for polysomnography. Chest 2003; 123(4):1134-41.
Fritscher LG, Canani S, Mottin CC, Fritscher CC, Berleze D, Chapman K, et al. Bariatric surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients. Respiration 2007; 74(6):647-52.
Mokhlesi B, Kryger MH, Grunstein RR. Assessment and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):218-25.
Pérez de Llano LA, Golpe R, Ortiz Piquer M, Veres Racamonde A, Vázquez Caruncho M, Caballero Muinelos O, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Chest 2005; 128(2):587-94.
Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: mechanisms and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183(3):292-8.
Piper AJ, Wang D, Yee BJ, Barnes DJ, Grunstein RR. Randomised trial of CPAP vs bilevel support in the treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome without severe nocturnal desaturation. Thorax 2008; 63(5):395-401.
Rabec C, de Lucas Ramos P, Veale D. Respiratory complications of obesity. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47(5):252-61.
Wijesinghe M, Williams M, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of supplemental oxygen on hypercapnia in subjects with obesity-associated hypoventilation: a randomized, crossover, clinical study. Chest 2011; 139(5):1018-24.
Lee WY, Mokhlesi B. Diagnosis and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in the ICU. Crit Care Clin 2008; 24(3):533-49.
Hipoxemia e hipercapnia durante el sueño en EPOC
Budweiser S, Jörres RA, Riedl T, Heinemann F, Hitzl AP, Windisch W, et al. Predictors of survival in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive home ventilation. Chest 2007; 131(6):1650-8.
Lacasse Y, Sériès F, Vujovic-Zotovic N, Goldstein R, Bourbeau J, Lecours R, et al. Evaluating nocturnal oxygen desaturation in COPD-revised. Respir Med 2011; 105(9):1331-7.
Marin JM, Soriano JB, Carrizo SJ, Boldova A, Celli BR. Outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182(3):325-31.
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, Wang Y, Evans AT. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2007; 11(2):117-24.
Musetti A, Yoffe H, Álvarez Rocha A, Arcos JP. Hipertensión arterial pulmonar y mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 1997; 19(4):123-6.
Neme JY, Gutiérrez AM, Santos MC, Berón M, Ekroth C, Arcos JP, et al. Efectos fisiológicos de la ventilación no invasiva en pacientes con EPOC. Arch Bronconeumol 2007; 43(3):150-5.
Owens RL, Malhotra A. Sleep-disordered breathing and COPD: the overlap syndrome. Respir Care 2010; 55(10):1333-44.
Weitzenblum E, Chaouat A, Kessler R, Canuet M. Overlap syndrome: obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):237-41.
Hipoventilación alveolar progresiva en los trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos
American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation: a consensus conference report. Chest 1999; 116(2):521-34.
Annane D, Orlikowski D, Chevret S, Chevrolet JC, Raphaël JC. Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (4):CD001941.
Arcos JP, Márquez M, Muiño A, Gutiérrez M, De Castellet L, Emanuelli G, et al. Hipoventilación durante el sueño en trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos: criterios diagnósticos y predictivos. Rev Med Urug 1999; 15(2):126-34.
Finder JD, Birnkrant D, Carl J, Farber HJ, Gozal D, Iannaccone ST, et al. American Thoracic Society. Respiratory care of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ATS consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170(4):456-65.
American Thoracic Society. European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166(4):518-624.
Bach JR, Ishikawa Y, Kim H. Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chest 1997; 112(4):1024-8.
Bach JR, Martinez D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: continuous noninvasive ventilatory support prolongs survival. Respir Care 2011; 56(6):744-50.
Bach JR, Sortor S, Saporito L. Interfaces for non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support in North America. Eur Respir Rev 1993; 3:254-9.
Bach JR. Management of neuromuscular ventilatory failure by 24 hour non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Eur Respir Rev 1993; 3:284-91.
Berry RB, Chediak A, Brown LK, Finder J, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. NPPV Titration Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(5):491-509.
Bourke SC, Gibson GJ. Sleep and breathing in neuromuscular disease. Eur Respir J 2002; 19(6):1194-201.
Diez A, Abbona H, Ferrero G, Figueroa Casas J, De Vega M, Lisanti R, et al. Consenso argentino de ventilación no invasiva. Medicina 2005; 65(5):437-57.
Janssens JP, Derivaz S, Breitenstein E, De Muralt B, Fitting JW, Chevrolet JC, et al. Changing patterns in long-term noninvasive ventilation: a 7-year prospective study in the Geneva Lake area. Chest 2003; 123(1):67-79.
Masa JF, Celli BR, Riesco JA, Sánchez de Cos J, Disdier C, Sojo A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and not oxygen may prevent overt ventilatory failure in patients with chest wall diseases. Chest 1997; 112(1):207-13.
Ozsancak A, D'Ambrosio C, Hill NS. Nocturnal noninvasive ventilation. Chest 2008; 133(5):1275-86.
Ward S, Chatwin M, Heather S, Simonds AK. Randomised controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular and chest wall disease patients with daytime normocapnia. Thorax 2005; 60(12):1019-24.
Respiración periódica de Cheyne Stokes-Apneas centrales en la insuficiencia cardíaca
Allam JS, Olson EJ, Gay PC, Morgenthaler TI. Efficacy of adaptive servoventilation in treatment of complex and central sleep apnea syndromes. Chest 2007; 132(6):1839-46.
Arcos JP, Baz M, Lorenzo D, Chiappella L, Otaño N. Respiración periódica y apneas del sueño centrales en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: hallazgos clínicos y fisiológicos. Rev Urug Cardiol 2008; 23(3):249-57.
Arzt M, Floras JS, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Series F, Morrison D, et al. CANPAP Investigators. Suppression of central sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure and transplant-free survival in heart failure: a post hoc analysis of the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure Trial (CANPAP). Circulation 2007; 115(25):3173-80.
Aurora RN, Chowdhuri S, Ramar K, Bista SR, Casey KR, Lamm CI, et al. The treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses. Sleep 2012; 35(1):17-40.
Bradley TD, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Sériès F, Morrison D, Ferguson K, et al. CANPAP Investigators. Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(19):2025-33.
Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, Newton G, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160(4):1101-6.
Hanly PJ, Zuberi-Khokhar NS. Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153(1):272-6.
Hunt SA, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46(6):e1-82.
Javaheri S. A mechanism of central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(13):949-54.
Javaheri S. Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173(2):234-7.
Köhnlein T, Welte T, Tan LB, Elliott MW. Central sleep apnoea syndrome in patients with chronic heart disease: a critical review of the current literature. Thorax 2002; 57(6):547-54.
MacDonald M, Fang J, Pittman SD, White DP, Malhotra A. The current prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in congestive heart failure patients treated with beta-blockers. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(1):38-42.
Naughton MT, Benard DC, Liu PP, Rutherford R, Rankin F, Bradley TD. Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152(2):473-9.
Naughton MT, Benard DC, Rutherford R, Bradley TD. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on central sleep apnea and nocturnal PCO2 in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150(6 Pt 1):1598-604.
Yumino D, Bradley TD. Central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):226-36.
Unidades de Sueño
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Cost justification for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Position statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 2000; 23(8):1017-8.
American Thoracic Society. Curriculum and competency assessment tools for sleep disorders in pulmonary fellowship training programs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172(3):391-7.
ATS/ACCP/AASM Taskforce Steering Committee. Executive summary on the systematic review and practice parameters for portable monitoring in the investigation of suspected sleep apnea in adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 169(10):1160-3.
Collop NA, Anderson WM, Boehlecke B, Claman D, Goldberg R, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of unattended portable monitors in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients. Portable Monitoring Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 2007; 3(7):737-47.
Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5(3):263-76.
Khawaja IS, Olson EJ, van der Walt C, Bukartyk J, Somers V, Dierkhising R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of split-night polysomnograms. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(4):357-62.
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morgenthaler T, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, et al. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep 2005; 28(4):499-521.
Vignolo J, Vacarezza M, Álvarez C, Sosa A. Niveles de atención, de prevención y atención primaria de la salud. Arch Med Int 2011; 33(1):11-4.
Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas del sueño
He J, Kryger MH, Zorick FJ, Conway W, Roth T. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea: experience in 385 male patients. Chest 1988; 94(1):9-14.
Partinen M, Jamieson A, Guilleminault C. Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: mortality. Chest 1988; 94(6):1200-4.
Arcos JP, Giordano A, De Boni D, Lorenzo D, Márquez MN, Rodríguez A, et al. Síndrome de apnea del aueño obstructiva: primer registro de tratamiento con presión positiva contínua (CPAPn) en nuestro país. Rev Med Urug 1992; 8(2): 146-51.
Arcos JP, Muiño A. Síndrome de apneas del sueño de tipo obstructivo: hallazgos clínicos y fisiológicos. Rev Med Urug 1999; 15(3):214-20.
Arcos JP. Fisiopatología de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior durante el sueño. En: David P, Blanco M, Pedemonte M, Velluti R, Tufik S, eds. Medicina del Sueño. Santiago: Mediterráneo, 2007. p. 173-9.
Baldwin CM, Ervin AM, Mays MZ, Robbins J, Shafazand S, Walsleben J, et al. Sleep disturbances, quality of life, and ethnicity: the Sleep Heart Health Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(2):176-83.
World Health Organization. Global surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases: a comprehensive approach. Geneva: WHO, 2007. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/gard/publications/GARD%20Book%202007.pdf. [Consulta: dic. 2012]
den Herder C, Schmeck J, Appelboom DJ, de Vries N. Risks of general anaesthesia in people with obstructive sleep apnoea. BMJ 2004; 329(7472):955-9.
Durán J, Esnaola S, Rubio R, Iztueta A. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 year. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(3 Pt 1):685-9.
Ip MS, Lam B, Tang LC, Lauder IJ, Ip TY, Lam WK. A community study of sleep-disordered breathing in middle-aged Chinese women in Hong Kong: prevalence and gender differences. Chest 2004; 125(1):127-34.
Larsson LG, Lindberg A, Franklin KA, Lundbäck B. Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic. Chest 2003; 124(1):204-11.
Lloberes P, Durán-Cantolla J, Martínez-García MA, Marín JM, Ferrer A, Corral J, et al. Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño: normativa SEPAR. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47(3):143-56.
Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL, Gottlieb DJ, Newman AB, O'Connor GT, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6(8):e1000132. Disponible en: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000132. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
Bouscoulet LT, Vázquez-García JC, Muiño A, Márquez M, López MV, de Oca MM, et al. PLATINO Group. Prevalence of sleep related symptoms in four Latin American cities. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(6):579-85.
Tufik S, Santos-Silva R, Taddei JA, Bittencourt LR. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study. Sleep Med 2010; 11(5):441-6.
Young T, Finn L, Austin D, Peterson A. Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167(9):1181-5.
Young T, Finn L, Peppard PE, Szklo-Coxe M, Austin D, Nieto FJ, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep 2008; 31(8):1071-8.
Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(17):1230-5.
Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA 2004; 291(16):2013-6.
SAHOS y accidentalidad vial
Hartenbaum N, Collop N, Rosen IM, Phillips B, George CF, Rowley JA, et al. American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; National Sleep Foundation. Sleep apnea and commercial motor vehicle operators: Statement from the joint task force of the American College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and the National Sleep Foundation. Chest 2006; 130(3):902-5.
Horstmann S, Hess CW, Bassetti C, Gugger M, Mathis J. Sleepiness-related accidents in sleep apnea patients. Sleep 2000; 23(3):383-9.
Ellen RL, Marshall SC, Palayew M, Molnar FJ, Wilson KG, Man-Son-Hing M. Systematic review of motor vehicle crash risk in persons with sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2006; 2(2):193-200.
Barbé, Pericás J, Muñoz A, Findley L, Antó JM, Agustí AG. Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. An epidemiological and mechanistic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158(1):18-22.
Findley LJ, Unverzagt ME, Suratt PM. Automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138(2):337-40.
Pérez-Chada D, Videla AJ, O'Flaherty ME, Palermo P, Meoni J, Sarchi MI, et al. Sleep habits and accident risk among truck drivers: a cross-sectional study in Argentina. Sleep 2005; 28(9):1103-8.
Uruguay. Unidad Nacional de Seguridad Vial. Departamento de Ingeniería de Tránsito. Siniestralidad Vial en Uruguay: informe 2010. Montevideo: UNASEV, 2011. Disponible en: http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/unasev/news/2011/siniestrabilidad2010.pdf. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
SAHOS y enfermedad cardiovascular
Arzt M, Young T, Finn L, Skatrud JB, Bradley TD. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172(11):1447-51.
Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373(9657):82-93.
Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 2008; 117(25): e510-26.
Capampangan DJ, Wellik KE, Parish JM, Aguilar MI, Snyder CR, Wingerchuk D, et al. Is obstructive sleep apnea an independent risk factor for stroke? A critically appraised topic.
Estes NA 3rd, Sacco RL, Al-Khatib SM, Ellinor PT, Bezanson J, Alonso A, et al. American Heart Association atrial fibrillation research summit: a conference report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 124(3):363-72.
Gami AS, Howard DE, Olson EJ, Somers VK. Day-night pattern of sudden death in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(12):1206-14.
Johnson KG, Johnson DC. Frequency of sleep apnea in stroke and TIA patients: a meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(2):131-7.
Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365(9464):1046-53.
Martínez-García MA, Campos-Rodríguez F, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Catalán-Serra P, Román-Sánchez P, Montserrat JM. Increased incidence of nonfatal cardiovascular events in stroke patients with sleep apnoea: effect of CPAP treatment. Eur Respir J 2012; 39(4):906-12.
Martínez-García MA, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Ejarque-Martínez L, Soriano Y, Román-Sánchez P, Illa FB, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180(1):36-41.
United States. National Institute of Health. Department of Health an dHUman Services, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Bethesda, MD: NHLBI, 2004. Disponible en: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.pdf. Consulta: diciembre 2012.
Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, Shahar E, Samet JM, Redline S, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283(14):1829-36.
O'Connor GT, Caffo B, Newman AB, Quan SF, Rapoport DM, Redline S, et al. Prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179(12):1159-64.
Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006; 28(3):596-602.
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342(19):1378-84.
Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ, Shahar E, O'Connor GT, Resnick HE, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182(2):269-77.
Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Javier Nieto F, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(1):19-25.
Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, Abraham WT, Costa F, Culebras A, et al. American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Stroke Council; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/american College Of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing. In collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Circulation 2008; 118(10):1080-111.
Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, Lichtman JH, Brass LM, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(19):2034-41.
Tratamiento del SAHOS
Littner M, Kushida CA, Hartse K, Anderson WM, Davila D, Johnson SF, et al. Practice parameters for the use of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty: an update for 2000. Sleep 2001; 24(5):603-19.
Aurora RN, Casey KR, Kristo D, Auerbach S, Bista SR, Chowdhuri S, et al. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Sleep 2010; 33(10):1408-13.
Barbé F, Durán-Cantolla J, Capote F, de la Peña M, Chiner E, Masa JF, et al. Spanish Sleep and Breathing Group. Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181(7):718-26.
Berry RB, Chediak A, Brown LK, Finder J, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. NPPV Titration Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(5):491-509.
Buño AG, Arcos JP, Lorenzo A, Giordano A, De Boni D. Tratamiento del síndrome de apneas del sueño obstructivas con dispositivo ortósico dental. An Fac Odontol (Montev) 1997; 28:27-41.
Caples SM, Rowley JA, Prinsell JR, Pallanch JF, Elamin MB, Katz SG, et al. Surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 2010; 33(10):1396-407.
Chai CL, Pathinathan A, Smith B. Continuous positive airway pressure delivery interfaces for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (4):CD005308.
Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5(3):263-76.
Ferguson KA, Cartwright R, Rogers R, Schmidt-Nowara W. Oral appliances for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep 2006; 29(2):244-62.
Giles Tammie L, Lasserson Toby J, Smith Brian, White John, Wright John J, Cates Christopher J. Continuous positive airways pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 11, Art. No. CD001106.
Greenburg DL, Lettieri CJ, Eliasson AH. Effects of surgical weight loss on measures of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2009; 122(6):535-42.
Koutsourelakis I, Vagiakis E, Perraki E, Karatza M, Magkou C, Kopaka M, et al. Nasal inflammation in sleep apnoea patients using CPAP and effect of heated humidification. Eur Respir J 2011; 37(3):587-94.
Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, Brown LK, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. Positive Airway Pressure Titration Task Force. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(2):157-71.
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Hirshkowitz M, Morgenthaler TI, Alessi CA, Bailey D, et al. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the use of continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure devices to treat adult patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep 2006; 29(3):375-80.
Kushida CA, Morgenthaler TI, Littner MR, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, et al. American Academy of Sleep. Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with oral appliances: an update for 2005. Sleep 2006; 29(2):240-3.
Marrone O, Salvaggio A, Romano S, Insalaco G. Automatic titration and calculation by predictive equations for the determination of therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2008; 133(3):670-6.
Morgenthaler TI, Aurora RN, Brown T, Zak R, Alessi C, Boehlecke B, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the AASM; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the use of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure devices for titrating pressures and treating adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an update for 2007. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Sleep 2008; 31(1):141-7.
Morgenthaler TI, Kapen S, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, Boehlecke B, Brown T, et al. Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the medical therapy of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2006; 29(8):1031-5.
Musetti A, Arcos JP. Tratamiento actual del síndrome de apneas- hipopneas del sueño de tipo obstructivo. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 2005; 27(Supl. 1): S36-40.
Nussbaumer Y, Bloch KE, Genser T, Thurnheer R. Equivalence of autoadjusted and constant continuous positive airway pressure in home treatment of sleep apnea. Chest 2006; 129(3):638-43.
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J. Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 2000; 284(23):3015-21.
Randerath WJ, Verbraecken J, Andreas S, Bettega G, Boudewyns A, Hamans E, et al. European Respiratory Society task force on non-CPAP therapies in sleep apnoea. Non-CPAP therapies in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2011; 37(5):1000-28.
Senn O, Brack T, Matthews F, Russi EW, Bloch KE. Randomized short-term trial of two autoCPAP devices versus fixed continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168(12):1506-11.
Tuomilehto HP, Seppä JM, Partinen MM, Peltonen M, Gylling H, Tuomilehto JO, et al. Kuopio Sleep Apnea Group. Lifestyle intervention with weight reduction: first-line treatment in mild obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179(4):320-7.
Síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad
Banerjee D, Yee BJ, Piper AJ, Zwillich CW, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: hypoxemia during continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 2007; 131(6):1678-84.
Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, Jensen MD, Pories W, Fahrbach K, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2004; 292(14):1724-37.
Crummy F, Piper AJ, Naughton MT. Obesity and the lung: 2. Obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. Thorax 2008; 63(8):738-46.
de Lucas-Ramos P, de Miguel-Díez J, Santacruz-Siminiani A, González-Moro JM, Buendía-García MJ, Izquierdo-Alonso JL. Benefits at 1 year of nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med 2004; 98(10):961-7.
Dixon JB, Schachter LM, O'Brien PE. Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: indicators for polysomnography. Chest 2003; 123(4):1134-41.
Fritscher LG, Canani S, Mottin CC, Fritscher CC, Berleze D, Chapman K, et al. Bariatric surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients. Respiration 2007; 74(6):647-52.
Mokhlesi B, Kryger MH, Grunstein RR. Assessment and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):218-25.
Pérez de Llano LA, Golpe R, Ortiz Piquer M, Veres Racamonde A, Vázquez Caruncho M, Caballero Muinelos O, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Chest 2005; 128(2):587-94.
Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: mechanisms and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183(3):292-8.
Piper AJ, Wang D, Yee BJ, Barnes DJ, Grunstein RR. Randomised trial of CPAP vs bilevel support in the treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome without severe nocturnal desaturation. Thorax 2008; 63(5):395-401.
Rabec C, de Lucas Ramos P, Veale D. Respiratory complications of obesity. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47(5):252-61.
Wijesinghe M, Williams M, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of supplemental oxygen on hypercapnia in subjects with obesity-associated hypoventilation: a randomized, crossover, clinical study. Chest 2011; 139(5):1018-24.
Lee WY, Mokhlesi B. Diagnosis and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in the ICU. Crit Care Clin 2008; 24(3):533-49.
Hipoxemia e hipercapnia durante el sueño en EPOC
Budweiser S, Jörres RA, Riedl T, Heinemann F, Hitzl AP, Windisch W, et al. Predictors of survival in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive home ventilation. Chest 2007; 131(6):1650-8.
Lacasse Y, Sériès F, Vujovic-Zotovic N, Goldstein R, Bourbeau J, Lecours R, et al. Evaluating nocturnal oxygen desaturation in COPD-revised. Respir Med 2011; 105(9):1331-7.
Marin JM, Soriano JB, Carrizo SJ, Boldova A, Celli BR. Outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182(3):325-31.
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, Wang Y, Evans AT. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2007; 11(2):117-24.
Musetti A, Yoffe H, Álvarez Rocha A, Arcos JP. Hipertensión arterial pulmonar y mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 1997; 19(4):123-6.
Neme JY, Gutiérrez AM, Santos MC, Berón M, Ekroth C, Arcos JP, et al. Efectos fisiológicos de la ventilación no invasiva en pacientes con EPOC. Arch Bronconeumol 2007; 43(3):150-5.
Owens RL, Malhotra A. Sleep-disordered breathing and COPD: the overlap syndrome. Respir Care 2010; 55(10):1333-44.
Weitzenblum E, Chaouat A, Kessler R, Canuet M. Overlap syndrome: obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):237-41.
Hipoventilación alveolar progresiva en los trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos
American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation: a consensus conference report. Chest 1999; 116(2):521-34.
Annane D, Orlikowski D, Chevret S, Chevrolet JC, Raphaël JC. Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (4):CD001941.
Arcos JP, Márquez M, Muiño A, Gutiérrez M, De Castellet L, Emanuelli G, et al. Hipoventilación durante el sueño en trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos: criterios diagnósticos y predictivos. Rev Med Urug 1999; 15(2):126-34.
Finder JD, Birnkrant D, Carl J, Farber HJ, Gozal D, Iannaccone ST, et al. American Thoracic Society. Respiratory care of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ATS consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170(4):456-65.
American Thoracic Society. European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166(4):518-624.
Bach JR, Ishikawa Y, Kim H. Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chest 1997; 112(4):1024-8.
Bach JR, Martinez D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: continuous noninvasive ventilatory support prolongs survival. Respir Care 2011; 56(6):744-50.
Bach JR, Sortor S, Saporito L. Interfaces for non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support in North America. Eur Respir Rev 1993; 3:254-9.
Bach JR. Management of neuromuscular ventilatory failure by 24 hour non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Eur Respir Rev 1993; 3:284-91.
Berry RB, Chediak A, Brown LK, Finder J, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. NPPV Titration Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(5):491-509.
Bourke SC, Gibson GJ. Sleep and breathing in neuromuscular disease. Eur Respir J 2002; 19(6):1194-201.
Diez A, Abbona H, Ferrero G, Figueroa Casas J, De Vega M, Lisanti R, et al. Consenso argentino de ventilación no invasiva. Medicina 2005; 65(5):437-57.
Janssens JP, Derivaz S, Breitenstein E, De Muralt B, Fitting JW, Chevrolet JC, et al. Changing patterns in long-term noninvasive ventilation: a 7-year prospective study in the Geneva Lake area. Chest 2003; 123(1):67-79.
Masa JF, Celli BR, Riesco JA, Sánchez de Cos J, Disdier C, Sojo A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and not oxygen may prevent overt ventilatory failure in patients with chest wall diseases. Chest 1997; 112(1):207-13.
Ozsancak A, D'Ambrosio C, Hill NS. Nocturnal noninvasive ventilation. Chest 2008; 133(5):1275-86.
Ward S, Chatwin M, Heather S, Simonds AK. Randomised controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular and chest wall disease patients with daytime normocapnia. Thorax 2005; 60(12):1019-24.
Respiración periódica de Cheyne Stokes-Apneas centrales en la insuficiencia cardíaca
Allam JS, Olson EJ, Gay PC, Morgenthaler TI. Efficacy of adaptive servoventilation in treatment of complex and central sleep apnea syndromes. Chest 2007; 132(6):1839-46.
Arcos JP, Baz M, Lorenzo D, Chiappella L, Otaño N. Respiración periódica y apneas del sueño centrales en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: hallazgos clínicos y fisiológicos. Rev Urug Cardiol 2008; 23(3):249-57.
Arzt M, Floras JS, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Series F, Morrison D, et al. CANPAP Investigators. Suppression of central sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure and transplant-free survival in heart failure: a post hoc analysis of the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure Trial (CANPAP). Circulation 2007; 115(25):3173-80.
Aurora RN, Chowdhuri S, Ramar K, Bista SR, Casey KR, Lamm CI, et al. The treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses. Sleep 2012; 35(1):17-40.
Bradley TD, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Sériès F, Morrison D, Ferguson K, et al. CANPAP Investigators. Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(19):2025-33.
Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, Newton G, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160(4):1101-6.
Hanly PJ, Zuberi-Khokhar NS. Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153(1):272-6.
Hunt SA, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46(6):e1-82.
Javaheri S. A mechanism of central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(13):949-54.
Javaheri S. Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173(2):234-7.
Köhnlein T, Welte T, Tan LB, Elliott MW. Central sleep apnoea syndrome in patients with chronic heart disease: a critical review of the current literature. Thorax 2002; 57(6):547-54.
MacDonald M, Fang J, Pittman SD, White DP, Malhotra A. The current prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in congestive heart failure patients treated with beta-blockers. J Clin Sleep Med 2008; 4(1):38-42.
Naughton MT, Benard DC, Liu PP, Rutherford R, Rankin F, Bradley TD. Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152(2):473-9.
Naughton MT, Benard DC, Rutherford R, Bradley TD. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on central sleep apnea and nocturnal PCO2 in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150(6 Pt 1):1598-604.
Yumino D, Bradley TD. Central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5(2):226-36.
Publicado
2012-12-31
Cómo citar
1.
Arcos JP, López V, Musetti A, Mamchur M, Gutiérrez M, Otaño N, Umpiérrez A, Chiappella L, Frattini R, Barros A, Lorenzo D, Rodríguez Z, Buño AG, Irrazábal E, Pereda G, Penela M, Baz M, Piñeyro L, Burschtin O, Durán-Cantolla J, Pérez Chada D. Trastornos respiratorios del sueño. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2012 [citado 17 de noviembre de 2024];28(4):274-08. Disponible en: http://www2.rmu.org.uy/ojsrmu311/index.php/rmu/article/view/328
Sección
Guías
