Llamamiento a adoptar medidas urgentes para limitar los aumentos de temperatura en el mundo, restablecer la biodiversidad y proteger la salud
Las naciones ricas deben hacer mucho más y con mayor rapidez
Resumen
En septiembre del 2021, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas reunirá a los países en un momento crucial para organizar la acción colectiva con el propósito de hacer frente a la crisis medioambiental mundial. Se reunirán una vez más en la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Diversidad Biológica, en Kunming (China) y en la Conferencia
de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CP26), en Glasgow (Escocia). Antes de la celebración de estas reuniones trascendentales, nosotros —los editores de revistas sobre salud de todo el mundo— exigimos medidas urgentes para mantener los aumentos promedio de la temperatura a nivel mundial por debajo de 1,5 °C, detener la
destrucción de la naturaleza y proteger la salud.
Citas
1) Letter to G20 Heads of State. In support of a health recovery. Disponible en: https://healthyrecovery.net. [Consulta: May 2021].
2) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers. In: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Special report: Global warming of 1.5°C. Geneva: IPCC, 2018. Disponible en: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/. [Consulta: May 2021].
3) Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bonn: IPBES, 2019. Disponible en: https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/2020-02/ipbes_global_assessment_report_summary_for_policymakers_en.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
4) Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Beagley J, Belesova K, et al. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet 2021; 397(10269):129-70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X.
5) Rocque R, Beaudoin C, Ndjaboue R, Cameron L, Poirier-Bergeron L, Poulin-Rheault R, et al. Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2021; 11(6):e046333. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333
6) Haines A, Ebi K. The Imperative for Climate Action to Protect Health. N Engl J Med 2019; 380(3):263-73. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1807873
7) United Nations Environment Programme. International Livestock Research Institute. Preventing the next pandemic: zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi: UN, 2020. Disponible en: https://72d37324-5089-459c-8f70-271d19427cf2.filesusr.com/ugd/056cf4_b5b2fc067f094dd3b2250cda15c47acd.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
8) Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Summary for policymakers. In: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Climate change and land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC, 2019. Disponible en: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2020/02/SPM_Updated-Jan20.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
9) Lenton T, Rockström J, Gaffney O, Rahmstorf S, Richardson K, Steffen W, et al. Climate tipping points too risky to bet against. Nature 2019; 575(7784):592-5. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-03595-0
10) Wunderling N, Donges J, Kurths J, Winkelmann R. Interacting tipping elements increase risk of climate domino effects under global warming. Earth Syst Dynam 2021; 12(2):601-19. doi: 10.5194/esd-12-601-2021
11) High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People. Web site. Disponible en: https://www.hacfornatureandpeople.org. [Consulta: May 2021].
12) The Global Climate and Health Alliance. Are national climate commitments enough to protect our health? Disponible en: https://climateandhealthalliance.org/ initiatives/healthy-ndcs/ndc-scorecards/. [Consulta: May 2021].
13) Carbonbrief Clear on Climate. Climate strikers: open letter to EU leaders on why their new climate law is “surrender”. London: Carbon Brief, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-strikers-open-letter-to-eu-leaders-on-why-their-new-climate-law-is-surrender. [Consulta: May 2021
14) Fajardy M, Köberle A, MacDowell N, Fantuzzi A. BECCS deployment: a reality check. Grantham Institute briefing paper 28. London: Imperial College of London, 2019. Disponible en: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/grantham-institute/public/publications/briefing-papers/BECCS-deployment—-a-reality-check.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
15) Anderson K, Peters G. The trouble with negative emissions. Science 2016; 354(6309):182-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aah4567
16) Climate action tracker. Web site. Disponible en: https://climateactiontracker.org. [Consulta: May 2021].
17) Convention on Biological Diversity. Secretariat. Global biodiversity outlook 5. Montreal: CBD, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cbd.int/gbo5. [Consulta: May 2021].
18) Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell S, Fetzer I, Bennett E, et al. Sustainability. Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 2015; 347(6223):1259855. doi: 10.1126/science.1259855
19) United Kingdom Health Alliance on Climate Change. Our calls for action. London: HACC, 2021. Disponible en: http://www.ukhealthalliance.org/cop26/. [Consulta: May 2021].
20) Climate Action Tracker. Warming projections global update: May 2021. Disponible en: https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/853/CAT_2021-05-04_Briefing_Global-Update_Climate-Summit-Momentum.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
21) United Nations Environment Programme. Emissions gap report 2020. UNEP, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020. [Consulta: May 2021].
22) Markandya A, Sampedro J, Smith S, Van Dingenen R, Pizarro-Irizar C, Arto I, et al. Health co-benefits from air pollution and mitigation costs of the Paris Agreement: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2(3):e126-e133. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30029-9
23) Paremoer L, Nandi S, Serag H, Baum F. Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. BMJ 2021; 372:n129. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n129
2) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers. In: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Special report: Global warming of 1.5°C. Geneva: IPCC, 2018. Disponible en: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/. [Consulta: May 2021].
3) Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bonn: IPBES, 2019. Disponible en: https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/2020-02/ipbes_global_assessment_report_summary_for_policymakers_en.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
4) Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Beagley J, Belesova K, et al. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet 2021; 397(10269):129-70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X.
5) Rocque R, Beaudoin C, Ndjaboue R, Cameron L, Poirier-Bergeron L, Poulin-Rheault R, et al. Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2021; 11(6):e046333. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333
6) Haines A, Ebi K. The Imperative for Climate Action to Protect Health. N Engl J Med 2019; 380(3):263-73. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1807873
7) United Nations Environment Programme. International Livestock Research Institute. Preventing the next pandemic: zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi: UN, 2020. Disponible en: https://72d37324-5089-459c-8f70-271d19427cf2.filesusr.com/ugd/056cf4_b5b2fc067f094dd3b2250cda15c47acd.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
8) Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Summary for policymakers. In: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Climate change and land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC, 2019. Disponible en: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2020/02/SPM_Updated-Jan20.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
9) Lenton T, Rockström J, Gaffney O, Rahmstorf S, Richardson K, Steffen W, et al. Climate tipping points too risky to bet against. Nature 2019; 575(7784):592-5. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-03595-0
10) Wunderling N, Donges J, Kurths J, Winkelmann R. Interacting tipping elements increase risk of climate domino effects under global warming. Earth Syst Dynam 2021; 12(2):601-19. doi: 10.5194/esd-12-601-2021
11) High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People. Web site. Disponible en: https://www.hacfornatureandpeople.org. [Consulta: May 2021].
12) The Global Climate and Health Alliance. Are national climate commitments enough to protect our health? Disponible en: https://climateandhealthalliance.org/ initiatives/healthy-ndcs/ndc-scorecards/. [Consulta: May 2021].
13) Carbonbrief Clear on Climate. Climate strikers: open letter to EU leaders on why their new climate law is “surrender”. London: Carbon Brief, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-strikers-open-letter-to-eu-leaders-on-why-their-new-climate-law-is-surrender. [Consulta: May 2021
14) Fajardy M, Köberle A, MacDowell N, Fantuzzi A. BECCS deployment: a reality check. Grantham Institute briefing paper 28. London: Imperial College of London, 2019. Disponible en: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/grantham-institute/public/publications/briefing-papers/BECCS-deployment—-a-reality-check.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
15) Anderson K, Peters G. The trouble with negative emissions. Science 2016; 354(6309):182-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aah4567
16) Climate action tracker. Web site. Disponible en: https://climateactiontracker.org. [Consulta: May 2021].
17) Convention on Biological Diversity. Secretariat. Global biodiversity outlook 5. Montreal: CBD, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.cbd.int/gbo5. [Consulta: May 2021].
18) Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell S, Fetzer I, Bennett E, et al. Sustainability. Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 2015; 347(6223):1259855. doi: 10.1126/science.1259855
19) United Kingdom Health Alliance on Climate Change. Our calls for action. London: HACC, 2021. Disponible en: http://www.ukhealthalliance.org/cop26/. [Consulta: May 2021].
20) Climate Action Tracker. Warming projections global update: May 2021. Disponible en: https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/853/CAT_2021-05-04_Briefing_Global-Update_Climate-Summit-Momentum.pdf. [Consulta: May 2021].
21) United Nations Environment Programme. Emissions gap report 2020. UNEP, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020. [Consulta: May 2021].
22) Markandya A, Sampedro J, Smith S, Van Dingenen R, Pizarro-Irizar C, Arto I, et al. Health co-benefits from air pollution and mitigation costs of the Paris Agreement: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2(3):e126-e133. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30029-9
23) Paremoer L, Nandi S, Serag H, Baum F. Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. BMJ 2021; 372:n129. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n129
Publicado
2021-11-19
Cómo citar
1.
Atwoli L, Abdullah H. B, Benfield T, Bosurgi R, Godlee F, Hancocks S, Horton R, Laybourn-Langton L, Monteiro CA, Norman I, Kirsten Patrick, Nigel Praities, Olde Rikkert MG, Eric J. Rubin, Peush Sahni, Smith R, Talley N, Turale S, Vázquez D. Llamamiento a adoptar medidas urgentes para limitar los aumentos de temperatura en el mundo, restablecer la biodiversidad y proteger la salud. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 19 de noviembre de 2021 [citado 17 de noviembre de 2024];37(4):e37401. Disponible en: http://www2.rmu.org.uy/ojsrmu311/index.php/rmu/article/view/757
Sección
Editorial
