Comparative study on the prevalence of the Angiostatin-converting enzyme gene in diabetic patients and general population samples
Keywords:
DIABETES MELLITUS, ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME, GENETIC POLYMORPHISM, PREVALENCE
Abstract
Introduction: we have previously demonstrated that diabetic patients have an increased incidence of micro and macrovascular pathologies. Upon exploration of possible determining factors, the ACE gene appears as an attractive factor, since it presents, according to the existing InDel polymorphism, an increase of the enzyme concentration in blood associated to vascular diseases.
Objective: to establish the prevalence of polymorphism of the ACE gene in diabetic patients, and to compare the frequencies with those found in the general population, in order to find out whether there is a relationship between locus and diabetes mellitus.
Method: the population studied consisted of 131 individuals with a certain diagnosis of diabetes, according to criteria of the American Diabetes Population. We determined InDel polymorhism´s genic and genotypic frequencies in the ACE gene through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: we failed to find meaningful differences in the prevalence of the marker studied between diabetic patients and the general population.
Discussion: to sum up, the present marker is a risk factor that is not associated to diabetes itself; hence the relationship between this gene and vascular complications would be the same in diabetic patients and the general population.
References
(1) American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(Suppl 1): S43-S48.
(2) Bloomgarden ZT. The Epidemiology of Complications. Diabetes Care 2002, 25(5): 924-32.
(3) American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl 1):S5-S10.
(4) Lim HS, MacFadyen RJ, Lip GY. Diabetes mellitus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the heart. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164(16): 1737-48.
(5) Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrott MA, Raskin P. The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(1): 134-47.
(6) Frechtel G, Taverna M, López A. Genética de las complicaciones diabéticas crónicas. En: Ruiz M, Ruiz de Morosini Manal, 3ª edición, eds. Diabetes miellitus. Buenos Aires: Akadia, 2004: 85-100.
(7) Keavney B, McKenzie C, Parish S, Palmer A, Clark S, Youngman L, et al. Large-scale test of hypothesised associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and myocardial infarction in about 5000 cases and 6000 controls. International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. Lancet 2000; 355(9202): 434-42.
(8) Molitch ME, DeFronzo RA, Franz MJ, Keane WF, Mogensen CE, Parving HH, et al; American Diabetes Association. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl 1): S79-83.
(9) Stoll M, Lorenzo M, Artucio MC, Esperón P, Raggio V. Polimorfismos genómicos en el riesgo cardiovascular. Bol CHSCV 2006; 8(1): 25-9.
(10) Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, Evans A, Cambou JP, Arveiler D, et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992; 359(6396): 641-4.
(11) Ruiz J, Blanché H, Cohen N, Velho G, Cambien F, Cohen D, et al. Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is strongly associated with coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91(9): 3662-5.
(12) Lee YJ, Tsai JC. ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with 1998 World Health Organization definition of metabolic syndrome in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(6): 1002-8.
(13) Tkác I, Salagovic J, Kozárová M, Rosolová H, Molcányiová A, Mosorjáková D, et al. Interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and glycaemic control influences lipoprotein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2003; 115(1-2): 36-40.
(14) Huang XH, Rantalaiho V, Wirta O, Pasternack A, Koivula T, Hiltunen T, et al. Relationship of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hypertension in NIDDM. Hum Genet 1998; 102(3): 372-8.
(15) Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shintani M, et al. Meta-analysis of association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Diabetologia 1998; 41(1): 47-53.
(16) Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Chen YD, Koike G, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, et al. Relations between deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15(6): 779-82.
(17) Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ, Berman DM, Ferrell RE. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is related to insulin sensitivity in overweight women. Diabetes Care 2001; 24(9): 1646-52.
(18) Hsieh MC, Lin SR, Hsieh TJ, Hsu CH, Chen HC, Shin SJ, et al. Increased frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15(7): 1008-13.
(19) Zorrilla P, Mimbacas A, Gascue C, Javiel G, Cardoso H. Prevalencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) en la población de Montevideo. Rev Méd Urug 2006; 22(1): 17-21.
(20) Ferrero Petean RT, García MV. Encuesta de prevalencia de la diabetes en Uruguay. Primera fase: Montevideo año 2004. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 2005; 27(1):7-12.
(21) Turnes AL. Introducción a la historia de la diabetes mellitus, desde la antigüedad hasta la era pre-insulínica [artículo en línea]. DiarioSalud.net 2007. http://www.diariosalud.net/docs/HISTORIA%20DE%20LA%20DIABETES%20IV%20-%20Antonio%20L.%20Turnes.pdf. Consulta: 14 abril 2007.
(22) Gascue C, Mimbacas A, Sans M, Gallino JP, Bertoni B, Hidalgo P, et al. Frequencies of the four major Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups in the population of Montevideo, Uruguay. Hum Biol 2005; 77(6): 873-8.
(23) Luzardo G, Aznárez I, Crispino B, Mimbacas A, Martínez L, Poggio R, et al. Cystic fibrosis in Uruguay. Genet Mol Res 2002; 1(1): 32-8.
(24) Mimbacas A, Trujillo J, Gascue C, Javiel G, Cardoso H. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in a Uruguayan population and its relation to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6(3): 534-42.
(25) Mimbacas A, Pérez-Bravo F, Santos JL, Pisciottano C, Grignola R, Javiel G, et al. The association between HLA DQ genetic polymorphism and type 1 diabetes in a case-parent study conducted in an admixed population. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19(10): 931-4.
(26) Mimbacas A, Pérez-Bravo F, Hidalgo PC, Javiel G, Pisciottano C, Grignola R, et al. Association between diabetes type 1 and DQB1 alleles in a case-control study conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. Genet Mol Res 2003; 2(1): 29-35.
(2) Bloomgarden ZT. The Epidemiology of Complications. Diabetes Care 2002, 25(5): 924-32.
(3) American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl 1):S5-S10.
(4) Lim HS, MacFadyen RJ, Lip GY. Diabetes mellitus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the heart. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164(16): 1737-48.
(5) Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrott MA, Raskin P. The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(1): 134-47.
(6) Frechtel G, Taverna M, López A. Genética de las complicaciones diabéticas crónicas. En: Ruiz M, Ruiz de Morosini Manal, 3ª edición, eds. Diabetes miellitus. Buenos Aires: Akadia, 2004: 85-100.
(7) Keavney B, McKenzie C, Parish S, Palmer A, Clark S, Youngman L, et al. Large-scale test of hypothesised associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and myocardial infarction in about 5000 cases and 6000 controls. International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. Lancet 2000; 355(9202): 434-42.
(8) Molitch ME, DeFronzo RA, Franz MJ, Keane WF, Mogensen CE, Parving HH, et al; American Diabetes Association. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl 1): S79-83.
(9) Stoll M, Lorenzo M, Artucio MC, Esperón P, Raggio V. Polimorfismos genómicos en el riesgo cardiovascular. Bol CHSCV 2006; 8(1): 25-9.
(10) Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, Evans A, Cambou JP, Arveiler D, et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992; 359(6396): 641-4.
(11) Ruiz J, Blanché H, Cohen N, Velho G, Cambien F, Cohen D, et al. Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is strongly associated with coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91(9): 3662-5.
(12) Lee YJ, Tsai JC. ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with 1998 World Health Organization definition of metabolic syndrome in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(6): 1002-8.
(13) Tkác I, Salagovic J, Kozárová M, Rosolová H, Molcányiová A, Mosorjáková D, et al. Interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and glycaemic control influences lipoprotein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2003; 115(1-2): 36-40.
(14) Huang XH, Rantalaiho V, Wirta O, Pasternack A, Koivula T, Hiltunen T, et al. Relationship of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hypertension in NIDDM. Hum Genet 1998; 102(3): 372-8.
(15) Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shintani M, et al. Meta-analysis of association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Diabetologia 1998; 41(1): 47-53.
(16) Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Chen YD, Koike G, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, et al. Relations between deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15(6): 779-82.
(17) Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ, Berman DM, Ferrell RE. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is related to insulin sensitivity in overweight women. Diabetes Care 2001; 24(9): 1646-52.
(18) Hsieh MC, Lin SR, Hsieh TJ, Hsu CH, Chen HC, Shin SJ, et al. Increased frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15(7): 1008-13.
(19) Zorrilla P, Mimbacas A, Gascue C, Javiel G, Cardoso H. Prevalencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) en la población de Montevideo. Rev Méd Urug 2006; 22(1): 17-21.
(20) Ferrero Petean RT, García MV. Encuesta de prevalencia de la diabetes en Uruguay. Primera fase: Montevideo año 2004. Arch med interna (Montevideo) 2005; 27(1):7-12.
(21) Turnes AL. Introducción a la historia de la diabetes mellitus, desde la antigüedad hasta la era pre-insulínica [artículo en línea]. DiarioSalud.net 2007. http://www.diariosalud.net/docs/HISTORIA%20DE%20LA%20DIABETES%20IV%20-%20Antonio%20L.%20Turnes.pdf. Consulta: 14 abril 2007.
(22) Gascue C, Mimbacas A, Sans M, Gallino JP, Bertoni B, Hidalgo P, et al. Frequencies of the four major Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups in the population of Montevideo, Uruguay. Hum Biol 2005; 77(6): 873-8.
(23) Luzardo G, Aznárez I, Crispino B, Mimbacas A, Martínez L, Poggio R, et al. Cystic fibrosis in Uruguay. Genet Mol Res 2002; 1(1): 32-8.
(24) Mimbacas A, Trujillo J, Gascue C, Javiel G, Cardoso H. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in a Uruguayan population and its relation to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6(3): 534-42.
(25) Mimbacas A, Pérez-Bravo F, Santos JL, Pisciottano C, Grignola R, Javiel G, et al. The association between HLA DQ genetic polymorphism and type 1 diabetes in a case-parent study conducted in an admixed population. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19(10): 931-4.
(26) Mimbacas A, Pérez-Bravo F, Hidalgo PC, Javiel G, Pisciottano C, Grignola R, et al. Association between diabetes type 1 and DQB1 alleles in a case-control study conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. Genet Mol Res 2003; 2(1): 29-35.
Published
2009-06-30
How to Cite
1.
Fernández M, Acosta M, Airaudo C, Fernández J, Ferrero R, Javiel G, Pena A, Simonelli B, Soto E, Vitarella G, Mimbacas A. Comparative study on the prevalence of the Angiostatin-converting enzyme gene in diabetic patients and general population samples. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 2009Jun.30 [cited 2024Nov.25];25(2):110-5. Available from: http://www2.rmu.org.uy/ojsrmu311/index.php/rmu/article/view/468
Section
Original Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
