Overweight, obesity and high-blood pressure in 5 year-old children in 5 public preschool centers in Montevideo
Prevalence and associated factors
Keywords:
OVERWEIGHT, PEDIATRIC OBESITY, CHILD, HYPERTENSION, PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS
Abstract
Introduction: in recent years, Uruguay has seen an increase of the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Scientific evidence has shown that early childhood conditions are determinant.
Objective: to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and brachial blood pressure levels and
identify associated risk factors in 5-year-old children who attend public preschool centers in Montevideo.
Method: transversal study (7/2016-6/2017) in a representative sample of 771 5-year-old children from
preschool centers in Montevideo. We assessed their history, eating habits, physical activity, sleeping habits, weight and maternal size. We recorded anthropometry and brachial blood pressure for each child.
Results: the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 40.6% (CI 95%: 37.4- 44.3), obesity 16.5% (CI 95%: 13.9-19.1) and abdominal obesity 12.9% (CI 95%: 11.0-15.8). 29.4% of mothers reported overweight and 21.9% of them reported obesity. Sedentary lifestyle was found in 58.3%, long screen viewing in 60.4% and inadequate sleep in 40.9%. Frequent consumption of pastries, wafers and biscuits for breakfast, cold cuts during week days, preference of food they see in advertisements, and reported maternal overweight or obesity were associated to child obesity. Children with overweight and/or abdominal obesity evidenced higher levels of brachial blood pressure.
Conclusions. prevalence of overweight and obesity in 5-year-old children from public preschool centers in Montevideo is high. Maternal overweight and obesity and habits in connection with eating, physical activity and amount of sleep are associated with this condition.
References
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ALADINO_2015.pdf [Consulta: 15 octubre 2017].
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(23) Rivera JÁ, de Cossío TG, Pedraza LS, Aburto TC, Sánchez TG, Martorell R. Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2(4):321-32.
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en: www.junaeb.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Informe-Mapa-Nutricional-2015.pdf [Consulta: 2 noviembre
2017].
(26) Pisabarro R, Recalde A, Irrazábal E, Chaftare Y. ENSO niños 1: primera encuesta nacional de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños uruguayos. Rev Méd Urug 2002; 18(3):244-50.
(27) Amarante V, Arim R, Severi C, Vigorito A, Aldabe I. El estado nutricional de los niños/as y las políticas alimentarias. Resultados de una encuesta sobre situación nutricional en escolares de primer año. Montevideo: Universidad de la República, UNICEF, Cooperazione Italiana, PNUD, 2007. Disponible en: www.infamilia.gub.uy/pageredirect.aspx?0,292 [Consulta: 2 noviembre 2017].
(28) Manios Y, Moschonis G, Karatzi K, Androutsos O, Chinapaw M, Moreno LA, et al. Large proportions of overweight and obese children, as well as their parents, underestimate children’s weight status across Europe. The ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance research to prevent excessive weight gain among youth) project. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18(12):2183-90.
(29) Ayer J, Charakida M, Deanfield JE, Celermajer DS. Lifetime risk: childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2015; 36(22):1371-6.
(30) García-Espinosa V, Bia D, Castro J, Zinoveev A, Marin M, Giachetto G, et al. Peripheral and central aortic pressure, wave-derived reflection parameters, local and regional arterial stiffness and structural parameters in children and adolescents: impact of body mass index variations. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2018; 25(3):267-80.
(31) Bove MI, Cerruti F. Encuesta de lactancia, estado nutricional y alimentación complementaria en niños menores de 24 meses atendidos por servicios públicos y mutuales de Montevideo y el interior del país. Montevideo: UNICEF, RUANDI, MSP, 2007. Disponible en: http://dspace.mides.gub.uy:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/264/UNICEF%20-%20Encuesta%20de%20lactancia%2c%20estado%20nutricionaly%20alimentacion%
20complementaria.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Consulta: 22 octubre 2017].
(32) Jiménez-Cruz A, Wojcicki JM, Bacardí-Gascón M, Castellón-Zaragoza A, García-Gallardo JL, Schwartz N, et al. Maternal BMI and migration status as predictors of childhood obesity in Mexico. Nutr Hosp 2011; 26(1):187-93.
(33) Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Determinants of childhood obesity: ANIBES study. Nutr Hosp 2016;
33(Suppl4):339.
(34) Wijnhoven TM, van Raaij JM, Yngve A, Sjoberg A, Kunesová M, Duleva V, et al. WHO European childhood obesity surveillance initiative: health-risk behaviours on nutrition and physical activity in 6-9-year-old schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18(17):3108-24.
(35) Borges MC, Louzada ML, de Sá TH, Laverty AA, Parra DC, Garzillo JM, et al. Artificially sweetened beverages and the response to the global obesity crisis. PloS Med 2017; 14(1):e1002195.
(36) Monteiro CA, Gomes FS, Cannon G. The snack attack.Am J Public Health 2010; 100(6):975-81.
(37) Herrera JC, Lira M, Kain J. Vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y obesidad en escolares chilenos de primero básico: comparación entre los años 2009 y 2013. Rev Chil Pediatr 2017; 88(6):736-43.
(38) Louzada ML, Baraldi LG, Steele EM, Martinez E, Martins AP, Canella DS, et al. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Prev Med 2015; 81:9-15.
(39) Wang F, Liu H, Wan Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zheng J, et al. Sleep duration and overweight/obesity in preschool-aged children: a prospective study of up to 48,922 children of the Jiaxing Birth Cohort. Sleep 2016; 39(11):2013-9.
(40) Durán S, Haro P. Asociación entre cantidad de sueño y obesidad en escolares chilenos. Arch Arg Pediatr 2016; 114(2):114-9.
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Published
2020-07-31
How to Cite
1.
Bove MI, Giachetto G, Ramírez R, Zelmonovich C, Guillermo V, Klaps L, Iturralde A, Peregalli F, Bia D, Zócalo Y. Overweight, obesity and high-blood pressure in 5 year-old children in 5 public preschool centers in Montevideo. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 2020Jul.31 [cited 2024Nov.26];36(3):254-66. Available from: http://www2.rmu.org.uy/ojsrmu311/index.php/rmu/article/view/555
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Original Articles
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